How does DNA determine an organism’s characteristics? A process called translation decodes RNA created during transcription, and uses it to create proteins that perform specific cellular functions.

One of modern biologists' most ambitious goals is to learn how to expand or otherwise modify the genetic code of life on Earth, in order to make new, artificial life forms. Part of the motivation for ...

The genetic building blocks of life—formed from the four nucleotides adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)—are read in groups of three known as codons. While some codons (known as ...