Buck switching-power converters are the most common method used to efficiently step down positive input voltages. Some applications require an additional low power negative output voltage. Often, for ...

Many systems require a low-power supply in addition to the main supply. A typical example is when an analog front-end amplifier needs ±5 V, while the main digital circuitry requires +5 V only. For ...

In some power-supply applications, the pulse-width-modulator (PWM) controller is powered up from an auxiliary winding tapped off the power stages transformer (Fig. 1). This technique reduces power ...

Every non-battery-powered electronic device requires converting offline ac power to some dc voltage for powering electronics. Nowadays, efficient conversion of electrical power is becoming an ...